The planet, satellites and magnetosphere edited by bagenal et al. Jupiter the galilean satellites encyclopedia britannica. The user provides a subsolar longitude and a position either in jupiters ionosphere or in jupiters magnetosphere. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere in june 2001, with the galileo mission ending and the cassini mission having encountered jupiter on its way to saturn, a. Jupiters magnetic field, radiation belts, and radio noise.
Jupiter s magnetosphere occupies an enormous volume of space. It extends outward around jupiter to between 75 and 100 times the planet s width. Jupiters magnetic field is the largest structure in the solar system. This may be provided either by iron, or by salt water. It extends outward around jupiter to between 75 and 100 times the planets width. How does the magnetosphere of jupiter compare to that of the. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere, volume 2 fran bagenal, timothy e.
The solar wind also pushes on and stretches jupiters magnetosphere into a shape like a. Mckinnon, william mckinnon cambridge university press, nov 8, 2004 science 719 pages. Jupiter has no detectable magnetic field and hence no magnetosphere. But what is a magnetosphere, and why study jupiter s. Rothery and others published jupiter, the planet, satellites and magnetosphere find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. If it could be seen at night, it would be as big in the sky as the full moon. The radiation belts of both earth and jupiter were discov ered nearly. Juno entered a polar orbit of jupiter on july 5, 2016 utc. This comprehensive volume authoritatively describes our understanding of the complex and fascinating jovian system. The user provides a subsolar longitude and a position either in jupiter s ionosphere or in jupiter s magnetosphere.
Jupiters inner magnetosphere is shaped like a doughnut with jupiter filling the hole. Jupiter has the strongest barrier against the solar wind in the solar systemthat is, a magnetosphere generated by its strong magnetic field and rapid planetary rotation rate. Galileo galileis discovery of four large moons orbiting jupiter four centuries ago spurred the. Jupiters magnetosphere is about 100 times larger and 20,000 times greater than that of the earths. And there is a paper on the dynamics of the magnetosphere. Chapter 9 jupiters upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Mckinnon cambridge university press, mar 5, 2007 science 719 pages.
If its magnetospheric plasma corotates with the planet, the effect of centrifugal force on the plasma distribution will be corsiderable. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere request pdf. It extends out to nearly 5 million kilometers 3 million miles wide on average, 150 times wider than jupiter itself and. Galileo and europa in fact, after 14 years of flight time and 8 years collecting data around jupiter, galileo was deliberately destroyed by sending it crashing at 50 kms into jupiters crushing atmosphere. Jupiters magnetosphere is very similar to that of the earth. The magnetosphere of jupiter is the cavity created in the solar wind by the planet s magnetic field. Io is very unique since it is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. In 1976, a nasascience committee led by james van allen proposed the investigation of jupiter, its magnetosphere, and its principal satellites as the three high priority objectives for. Jupiter missions to the solar systems largest planet. Jupiter s magnetosphere is much larger than that of the earth because of jupiter s large magnetic field and the weakness of the solar wind at jupiter s orbital distance from the sun. Jupiters four largest satellites, in order of their distance from jupiter, are io, europa, ganymede, and callisto. It will also search for clues about how the planet formed, including whether it has a rocky core, the amount of water present within the deep atmosphere, mass distribution, and its deep winds, which can reach speeds up to 618 kilometers per hour 384 mph. Jupiter s large size and 10hour rotation period are responsible for an immense jovian magnetosphere, and the final papers in this book discuss various aspects of it.
Right, top t wo of jupiter s moons, volcanic io above the great red spot and. Galileo and europa in fact, after 14 years of flight time and 8 years collecting data around jupiter, galileo was deliberately destroyed by sending it crashing at 50 kms into jupiter s crushing atmosphere. The most recent mission to visit jupiter was new horizons, a nasa probe bound for the dwarf planet pluto that launched in january 2006. Farther out, field lines can be significantly distorted by the flow of. Observing jupiters clouds doesnt help because they rotate at varying speeds and are not directly connected to the planets interior. Jun 28, 2011 jupiter s magnetic field is the largest structure in the solar system. This picture is from a model of how the earths magnetic field is generated. Magnetosphere of ganymede, jupiters moon windows to the.
Response of jupiters inner magnetosphere to the solar. This comprehensive volume summarizes current knowledge of the jovian system, in view of recent scientific developments regarding the galileo spacecraft, the galileo probe, the cassini spacecraft, the hubble space telescope, and numerous groundbased and theoretical studies. B intense auroral emissions are signatures of the coupling between the planet and the magnetospheric. At 6 equatorial radii from the centre, cor respmding roughly to the orbit of the satellite io, the. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere cambridge planetary science on.
But the magnetosphere rotates along with jupiter because its driven by the magnetic field, which is generated deep inside the planet. Like near the earth, the magnetic field of our solar system s largest planet compresses when impacted by a gust of charged particles from the sun. Magnetosphere of ganymede when the galileo spacecraft flew by ganymede, it found something that was a big surprise to everyone a very strong magnetic field. Jupiter has the strongest barrier against the solar wind in the solar systemthat is, a magnetosphere generated by its strong magnetic field and rapid planetary. Extending up to seven million kilometers in the suns direction and almost to the orbit of saturn in the opposite direction, jupiters magnetosphere is the largest and most powerful of any planetary magnetosphere in the solar system, and by volume the largest known continuous. This magnetic compression funnels charged particles towards. Jupiters magnetosphere occupies an enormous volume of space.
Jupiter ionospheremagnetosphere online mapping tool. Extending up to seven million kilometers in the suns direction and almost to the orbit of saturn in the opposite direction, jupiter s magnetosphere is the largest and most powerful of any planetary magnetosphere in the solar system, and by volume the largest known continuous structure in the. In this picture, a magnetic field is sketched over the image to place the energetic neutral atom emissions in perspective. But what is a magnetosphere, and why study jupiters.
Galileo regarded their existence as a fundamental argument in favour of the copernican model of the. For historical comparison, gehrels 1976 jupiter has 44 chapters written by 80 authors, often as single authors. Map jupiters magnetic and gravity fields, revealing the planets deep structure explore and study jupiters magnetosphere near the planets poles, especially the auroras providing new insights about how the planets enormous magnetic force field affects its. The interior of jupiter is the seat of a strong dynamo that produces a surface magnetic field in the equatorial re gion with an intensity of rv4 gauss. At distances of more than about 20 times the radius of jupiter, the magnetic field becomes flattened. Jupiter s radiation belt is quite intense, and just one pass through its denser part by pioneer 10 in 1973 was enough to cause some radiation damage, luckily rather minor. Jupiters inner radiation belts laboratory for atmospheric and. Juno s mission is to measure jupiter s composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere.
Jupiter s magnetosphere is very similar to that of the earth. Jupiters radiation belt is quite intense, and just one pass through its denser part by pioneer 10 in 1973 was enough to cause some radiation damage, luckily rather minor. The lighter ions, which normally extend to higher latitudes, remain on the returning closed flux as it snaps back toward the inner magnetosphere, resulting in light ion. Chapters present a synthesis of experimental data from the. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere fran bagenal, timothy e. Alook at the galilean satellites after the galileo mission. Satellites jupiter has 16 satellites that measure at least 6 miles 10 kilometers in diameter. Characterise ganymede, europa and callisto as planetary objects and. Plasma from jupiter spins with the planet, pushing ganymedes magnetosphere like a tailwind and sculpting its distinctive shape, as shown by the yellow lines.
Chapter 8 lessons from shoemakerlevy 9 about jupiter and planetary impacts. Other sources may be the planets inner satellites, the planets rings and its hydrogen. Jupiters magnetic field the first clue to jupiters extraordinary magnetic field came with the detection of strong radio frequency emissions from the planet. Ejsm yellow book, ver 30sept2010 esa science european. Juno is a nasa space probe orbiting the planet jupiter. The spacecraft was launched from cape canaveral air force station on august 5, 2011, as part of the new frontiers program. Shapes of the small inner satellites of jupiter nasa solar. A magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are affected by that objects magnetic field. This is the first time a strong magnetic field had been found near any moon. Blanc was done thanks to support by irap cnrs and university of toulouse. The jovian magnetosphere is the region of space influenced by. Jupiters magnetosphere and aurorae observed by the. Galileo galileis january 1610 observations of the four main satellites of jupiter represent in a sense the first time a planetary system was ever. I i, the rotation of jupiter is very rapid 36o per hour.
Dowling, and william mckinnon joe giacalone lunar and planetary laboratory university of arizona tucson, arizona, 85712. Jupiters large size and 10hour rotation period are responsible for an immense jovian magnetosphere, and the final papers in this book discuss various aspects of it. Jupiters magnetosphere was explored by the space probes pioneer 10 and 11, voyager 1 and 2, and ulysses, and the space probe galileo has been orbiting there since late 1995. Trapped within jupiter s magnetosphere the area in which magnetic field lines encircle the planet from pole to pole are swarms of charged particles. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere textbook abbreviated. Galileo also discovered an internal magnetic field at ganymede, a. Jupiter, the planet, satellites and magnetosphere request pdf. Nasas jupiterbound juno spacecraft has entered the planets magnetosphere, where the movement of particles in space is controlled by whats going on inside jupiter. This implied accelerating charged particles and a charged particle region around the planet similar to the earths van allen belts. The inner magnetosphere is the seat of plasma production for the magnetosphere and it also hosts the inner. Weve just crossed the boundary into jupiter s home turf, said juno principal investigator scott bolton of southwest research institute, san antonio. To generate a magnetic field, there must be conducting material inside.
The juice jupiter icy moon explorer mission, selected by esa in may. Jupiter planet satellites and magnetosphere planetary systems and. The magnetosphere also enables us to measure how fast jupiter spins. Jupiter s enormous magnetic field is nearly 20,000 times as. This sketch extends in the horizontal plane to a width 30 times the radius of jupiter.
Jia was supported by the nasa outer planets research program through grant nnx12am74g. Jupiter s magnetosphere is stronger than earths by an order of magnitude, and its magnetic moment is approximately 18,000 times larger. Jupiters dynamo generates the most intense planetary magnetic field in the solar system, with a dipole moment. News nasas juno spacecraft enters jupiters magnetic field. Chapter 9 jupiter s upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Jupiters magnetosphere will blow your mind while it kills. Jupiters magnetosphere is very pointed and bulletshaped, as shown in this picture, because of the nature of how it is created. Jupiter s magnetosphere was explored by the space probes pioneer 10 and 11, voyager 1 and 2, and ulysses, and the space probe galileo has been orbiting there since late 1995. A mission to europa and the jupiter system for esas. Shapes of the small inner satellites of jupiter nasa.
We learn about magnetospheric interactions with satellites. Jun 30, 2016 nasas jupiter bound juno spacecraft has entered the planet s magnetosphere, where the movement of particles in space is controlled by whats going on inside jupiter. Saturn, the rings, and many of the satellites lie totally within saturns enormous magnetosphere, the region of space in which the behavior of electrically charged particles is influenced more by saturns magnetic field than by the solar wind. Extremely highenergy electrons have been found in an enormous diskshaped region of its radiation belts.
The planet, satellites and magnetosphere 9780521035453. There is a welldeveloped bow shock in venus outer atmosphere, but there is no evidence of charged particles being trapped. How does the magnetosphere of jupiter compare to that of. About the images left strong eastwest winds create latitudinal bands in jupiter s atmosphere cassini. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere cambridge. This magnetic compression funnels charged particles towards jupiter s poles and down into the atmosphere. Io is continually flexed by the gravitational pulls of jupiter and the other satellites. The magnetosphere of jupiter is the largest planetary magnetosphere in the solar system, extending up to 7,000,000 kilometers 4,300,000 mi on the dayside and almost to the orbit of saturn on the nightside.
Not only is it big enough to hold all of jupiter s moons, but the sun itself could fit inside. Jupiters fast rotation is thought to drive electrical currents in this region, generating the planets powerful magnetic field. The magnetosphere rotates very rapidly with the planet. It is traditional to divide jupiters magnetosphere into inner 40rj regions. It is convenient to subdivide the jovian magnetosphere into three regions. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere textbook very rarely.
The solar wind also pushes on and stretches jupiter s magnetosphere into a shape like a windsock. But the emissions were several thousand times stronger than those from the van allen belts. The magnetosphere of jupiter is the cavity created in the solar wind by the planets magnetic field. Because jupiters magnetosphere is huge and is rotationally dominated, solar wind influence on its inner part has been thought to be negligible. Viewing positions are slightly different from the views of the models in the bottom row, which depict the shapes of the small satellites viewed from the direction of satellite motion leading sides and presented at a common scale. National aeronautics and space administrationnational. New horizons flew by jupiter between january and may 2007. The magnetosphere is a bubble of charged particles trapped within the magnetic environment of the planet. Even as the voyager mission was on its way, plans were being laid to return to jupiteros realm. Jupiter s four largest satellites, in order of their distance from jupiter, are io, europa, ganymede, and callisto.
Jupiter ionospheremagnetosphere online mapping tool beta. Young voices for the planet dvd in our online store includes 8 films where students speak out and take action on climate change. Weve just crossed the boundary into jupiters home turf, said juno principal investigator scott bolton of southwest research institute, san antonio. Like near the earth, the magnetic field of our solar systems largest planet compresses when impacted by a gust of charged particles from the sun.
Jupiter magnetosphere generation windows to the universe. When the galileo spacecraft flew by ganymede, it found something that was a big surprise to everyone a very strong magnetic field. Jupiters magnetosphere is much larger than that of the earth because of jupiters large magnetic field and the weakness of the solar wind at jupiters orbital distance from the sun. These four moons are called the galilean satellites. It is still unclear if, deeper down, jupiter has a central core of solid material. Jupiter is a huge planet, but its magnetosphere is mindblowingly massive. Response of jupiters inner magnetosphere to the solar wind. Written by a team of world experts, it brings together every aspect of the giant planetary system, from the deep interior of jupiter to the distant tiny satellites and swarms of escaping gas and dust. It is created by a star or planet with an active interior dynamo in the space environment close to a planetary body, the magnetic field resembles a magnetic dipole. Io is a large moon, about the size of our own moon, but it is still tiny compared to the enormous planet jupiter. The form outputs the location to which the point maps in the magnetosphere or ionosphere according to the model of vogt et al this tool does not perform the flux equivalence calculation in real time. It is traditional to divide jupiters magnetosphere into inner 40rj re gions.
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